When an individual’s leg or arm is traumatically lost or surgically amputated, they may experience a persistent sensation indicating that the lost limb is still present. This phantom sensation, which may be unpleasant or painful, is commonly called phantom limb pain. Estimates show that while about 80% of individuals who have undergone amputations will experience this type of pain, the pain persists only about 20% of the time, with some of these individuals experiencing this pain even two years after the amputation procedure.
While it doesn’t result from conditions such as depression and psychiatric stress, phantom limb pain may be influenced by these circumstances because it has been linked to the nervous system and the brain. This means that the pain can also be experienced in the nonamputated part of the limb, as well as other areas, such as the back or the neck. Factors associated with a higher likelihood of phantom limb pain include age, amputation of an upper limb, and experiencing pain before the limb is amputated.
Research has yet to determine the exact predictors of phantom limb pain. It should be noted that this type of pain is different from residual limb pain, which is localized in the stump. Individuals may feel stump pain in their residual limbs or at the sites of incision. The pain is commonly described as stabbing, burning or sharp. Residual limb pain can co-exist alongside phantom limb pain. However, in most instances, it fades as the surgical scar heals.
What triggers phantom pain, and how is it diagnosed?
The pain may be initiated by a poorly fitting prosthetic, emotional stress and pressure exerted upon the remaining limb by objects such as clothing. Currently, no diagnostic tests exist that can pinpoint the presence of phantom limb. Physical therapists usually diagnose the condition based on a history of things that transpired before the pain began and an individual’s symptoms.
How can a physiotherapist help?
To resolve the issue or prevent symptom flare-ups, phantom limb pain needs to be well managed. A physical therapist can offer the treatment, exercises and interventions required to do so.
Phantom limb pain treatment plans may include stump management, which can include using stump shrinkers to prevent swelling; manual therapy, which may involve manipulation or massages; and electrical stimulation, which may involve EMG biofeedback and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
A physical therapist may also ensure that prosthetic devices fit well and provide training on how to safely use those devices. In addition, a physical therapist may also prescribe nervous system treatments such as graded motor-imagery training and desensitization.
How to know which physical therapist is right for you?
Given that all physical therapists are prepared through education to treat conditions associated with limb amputation, you should ensure that your physical therapist is board certified and has experience in treating chronic pain conditions as well as limb amputation conditions.
Several companies, including Tryp Therapeutics Inc. (CSE: TRYP) (OTCQB: TRYPF), are seeking to develop alternative approaches to treating phantom limb pain since the conventional ways of handling this condition don’t offer satisfactory outcomes for a significant portion of the affected people.
NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to Tryp Therapeutics Inc. (CSE: TRYP) (OTCQB: TRYPF) available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/TRYPF
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